Essay about Sherman Alexie What it means to be an Indian...

Sherman Alexie: What it means to be an Indian in America â€Å"Dr. Mather, if the Ghost Dance worked, there would be no exceptions. All you white people would disappear. All of you. If those dead Indians came back to life, they wouldn’t crawl into a sweathouse with you. They wouldn‘t smoke the pipe with you. They’d kill you. They’d gut you and eat your heart.† -Marie, Indian Killer, 314 The identity of the modern Native American is not found in simple language or description. Neither does a badge or collection of eagle feathers determine Native American identity. As Alexie demonstrates through the character of Dr. Mather and Wilson, pony-tails and store bought drums are mere materialistic symbols and stereotypes: they have no real value†¦show more content†¦Yet the hatred that Marie embraces is intrinsic to the reality she’s come to understand, which, Alexie reminds us, is formed in terms of opposition and argument. She is politically antagonistic because she feels she has to be, and is extremely disrespectful to any white person she might not like upon closer contact. Yet Marie is intensely passionate about education, about her culture, and about the Indian struggle. As Alexie strives to demonstrate throughout Indian Killer, this hatred, while not without cause or inevitability, is the root of racial wars and senseless violence. In human terms of hate and love, of power and submission, modern day Seattle teems with deeply set racial problems and equally damaging ignorance. Alexie intends that Native American identity be understood in a legacy of relocation and family destruction: he begins his tale centered on the ironically named John Smith and John’s removal from his mother and his culture. John becomes embedded in this hate and violence, yet is never identified as a killer or a murder: in fact, none of the cast is identified as the murderer or the culprit of kidnappings. The entire city of Seattle becomes a leaping bed of violence and destruction through the lives of Alexie’s characters: the characterization of his rich cast promotes racial commonalities in violence and rhetoric, as well as behavior. Yet while Alexie acknowledges that modern Native American identity isShow MoreRelatedEng 2001040 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluences Poverty is one of the main problem in the world, either developed country or developing country. Poverty both influence developed country, America and developing country, Mexico. In The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-time Indian and The Devil’s Highway, they both facing the poverty issue. Sherman Alexie is telling us about the Indian American living in a hard life and Luis Alberto Urrea is telling us about the poor Mexican people migrating to United States for gaining wealth. Both ofRead MoreEssay Sherman Alexie1140 Words   |  5 PagesSherman Alexie The odds were against Sherman Alexie on that day in October 1966. Not only was he born a minority, but he was also hydrocephalic. At the age of 6 months, he had a brain operation, but was not expected to live. Though he pulled through, doctors predicted he would be severely mentally retarded. Fortunately, they were wrong, but he did suffer through seizures and wet his bed throughout his childhood (What 1). Rather than being called Native American, which he feels is a guiltyRead MoreReservation Blues By Sherman Alexie1677 Words   |  7 PagesSherman Alexie’s novel, Reservation Blues, successfully captures the essence of pain and struggle that was so evident in both the slavery of Africans and the eradication of Native Americans, and integrates the power of blues music in order to bring the reader a breathtaking story. Alexie develops a strong, interconnected web of characters sharing common misfortune. Whether it is in Coyote Spring’s inability to succeed, Robert Johnson’s painstaking attempt to leave his guitar over the years, alcoholismRead MoreCrow Testament Analysis1627 Words   |  7 PagesAs seen throughout Sherman Alexie’s work, despair and hardship caused by European influences among Native peoples is a common issue that seems to be a reoccurring element in his work. Through the use of figurative language, Alexie is able to transcribe those issue s onto paper by using metaphors and illusions to describe emotions conveyed by the Native peoples. Sherman Alexie is a Native American writer that is influenced by his experiences while growing up on the Spokane Indian Reservation in theRead MoreThe Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven is a book written by; Sherman Alexie. In this book, Alexie writes about a group of Native Americans who live on the Spokane Indian Reservation. As this novel may be fiction, some of the stories that are portrayed in the text have some very real meaning the them. These Native Americans endure lots of heartache and tragedy in this book as they are faced with problems like alcoholism, car accidents, loss of loved one and houses burning. In the face of adversityRead MoreSummary Of Democracy Of America By Alexis De Tocqueville1314 Words   |  6 Pages In† Democracy of America† chapter XVII written by Alexis de Tocqueville, he discusses the plight of indians(natives). Tocqueville talks about how he believed the fate of Native Americans would be to completely deprived of liberty. In addition to what he believed, Tocqueville says, â€Å"The success of the Cherokees proves that the Indians are capable of civilization, but it does not prove that they will succeed in it†(page 401).Whenever the Indians were able to submit to civilization they were neverRead MoreThe Process Of Learning How I Read And Write848 Words   |  4 Pageswhich Alexie, Malcom X, and Douglass achieved their competence in literacy. The unconventional method through which they learned the art of reading and writing was a way more extreme and complex path from the one that anyone else at their age would have had. The three authors mentioned above, all comes from disadvantaged backgrounds that prevented them to get their instruction and found shelter in books stories when they were alone. They all were all men who truly loved to read. Sherman Alexie andRead MoreClose Reading of a Poem Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesPoem ON THE AMTRAK FROM BOSTON TO NEW YORK CITY: BY SHERMAN ALEXIE On the Amtrak from Boston to New York City is an emotionally provocative poem by the Native American Indian writer, Sherman Alexie. It describes a train journey from Boston to New York City in which an elderly white woman excitedly points out historical sites to her fellow passenger, a younger Native American Indian. The poem demonstrates how narrow minded the American Indian finds the white American culture; for, it does not goRead MoreOmniscient Point of View in â€Å"This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona2086 Words   |  9 PagesOmniscient Point of view in â€Å"This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona† The story â€Å"This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona† by Sherman Alexie is a fictional narrative that reflects his experiences during his past and present life. The author allows the audience to become the social media that critiques his life when he evokes important episodes of his life through Victor and Thomas Builds-the-Fire liveliness. In this process, Sherman Alexis uses his omniscient point of view to tellRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherman Alexies Novel The Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight In Heaven2012 Words   |  9 PagesEssay 1 In Sherman Alexie’s novel The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven shows the struggles of daily Native American life, which is shown through the point of view of male character. All though out the book the following three questions appear: ‘What does it mean to live as an Indian in this time? What does it mean to be an Indian man? and What does it mean to live on an Indian reservation?’ Alexie uses literary devices such as point of view, imagery, characterization to make his point that

The Case Study of Dubai Islamic Companies Sample for Students

Question: What are the Causes and Effects of Proper Motivation of Employee in the Human Resource Management Department of Dubai Islamic Bank Companies? Answer: Background to the Research question The Dubai Islamic Companies have for the years been on top in banking services in United Arabs Emirates. It has achieved this through the able employees that render services to this bank. The whole of its achievements can be traced from the commitments of the Human Resource Management department (Ibrahim, 2015, p.93). Following this notion, there is a need to recognize the need of motivating the workers of these companies both intrinsically and extrinsically. The areas where the employee and the employers work should be identified with the prospective achievements and a reward should accompany good and recommendable work, of which, the Dubai Islamic Bank overlook (Miner, 2015, p.174). The project report has identified the Human resource management department in the company and it will be looking forward to identify the areas where the human resource management has failed, evaluate the causes and effects of motivating the company workers. Research Objectives The research will be aiming: To identify the causes of proper motivation to the workers in Dubai Islamic Bank Companies To evaluate the effects of motivation to the workers in Dubai Islamic Bank. To come up with appropriate recommendation and conclusion from the findings of the research on how to motivate the Dubai Islamic Bank Companies. Justification for the choice of Research topic The research focuses on the human resource department under managementt department. The issue of motivation is a very crucial idea as it would lead to higher production and service delivery in the concerned banking organization. The research as well will be in a position to come up with the findings, conclusions and recommendations on the employee motivation which will be of great importance to the whole bank. The research will as well be used by other banks and organization which might be undergoing a similar problem in human resource managementt and therefore, it is of great importance in its application in the Dubai Islamic Bank companies. Bibliography Ibrahim, M., 2015. Measuring the financial performance of Islamic Banks. Journal of Applied finance and Banking, 5(3), p.93. Miner, J.B., 2015. Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge.

The Compson Brothers in William Faulkner’s “The Sound and the Fury” Essay Example

The Compson Brothers in William Faulkner’s â€Å"The Sound and the Fury† Essay In the novel â€Å"The Sound and the Fury,† William Faulkner conveys the story of the Compson family and their moral decline.   The members of the family have their respective problems and faults, and these are highlighted throughout the story.   The novel also highlights the distinct differences between the three Compson sons—Benjy, Quentin and Jason,—who narrate the first three chapters of the book.   These three characters are remarkably distinct from one another, but they also have a distinct similarity.   The Compson brothers are unique from one another in many ways, but all three are defined by their experiences with their mother and sister.   This term paper aims to compare and contrast Benjy, Quentin and Jason and illustrate how their lives were greatly shaped by the women in the family. In the novel, Benjy was the first Compson brother that the reader will encounter, as he narrated the first chapter.   His account was dated in the year 1928, on April 7th (Faulkner 1).   Benjy was 33 years old during the time of narration.   However, he was mentally challenged.   His thoughts were disorganized.   His condition hindered him from really grasping what was going on around him and form it into a cohesive whole.   For Benjy, life can only be characterized through images and scents.   This was the reason why the narration had vivid spatial descriptions and specific references to smell, as he can only depend on what he sees and hears.   Throughout the first chapter, he consistently mentioned that â€Å"Caddy smelled like trees† (Faulkner 1). We will write a custom essay sample on The Compson Brothers in William Faulkner’s â€Å"The Sound and the Fury† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Compson Brothers in William Faulkner’s â€Å"The Sound and the Fury† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Compson Brothers in William Faulkner’s â€Å"The Sound and the Fury† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One of the things which separated all three brothers from each other is the concept of time.   For Benjy, there was no such thing as time.   His mental condition prevented him from having such concept.   He did not grasp the sequence of events.   This posed a difficult problem for readers, as his side of the story was confusing.   The first chapter was not an account of events that all occurred in a single day.   It only appeared to be such because Benjy narrated everything as if they happened in order, even if he was going back in forth in telling his memories.   He jumped from the present to distant moments of his past, such as when he was five years old and 13 years old (Faulkner 1). Just like his brothers, Benjy’s life was very much influenced by the two Compson women: their mother Caroline and their sister Candace, better known as Caddy.   In the novel, Faulkner illustrated Caroline as a negligent mother who was too preoccupied with herself to take care of her own children.   Though she was never absent from the household, she did not have a real presence in the lives of her kids.   Her failure as a mother was most striking to Benjy, as she was insensitive to his disability.   For Caroline, Benjy is both an inconvenience and punishment for her.   For instance, when Benjy was to be taken out of the house without his overshoes, her concern for her son was directed more on the company they had that Benjy’s health and well-being.   Caroline said, â€Å"Do you want to make him sick, with the house full of company† (Faulkner 1).   In Quentin’s account, this was what she said about Benjy: â€Å"What have I done to have been g iven children like these, Benjamin was punishment enough† (Faulkner 2). Due to Caroline’s negligence and detachment, Benjy had come to rely on Caddy for love and attention.   Caddy played the role that was supposedly her mother’s.   Caddy was most patient with Benjy, and was also the most sensitive to his condition.   She once said to him, â€Å"You’ve got your Caddy. Haven’t you got your Caddy† (Faulkner 1).   Caddy was the central figure in Benjy’s life, and her departure from the Compson household proved to be very difficult for him. It must be noted that due to his mental retardation, Benjy was unaware of certain concepts regarding human life and morality.   He did not know about life, death, marriage or family.   He also did not know the difference between right and wrong.   However, he did know about order and disorder, and he had the capacity to distinguish between these two.   Benji could easily sense if anything was amiss in his surroundings.     His condition had left him incapable of speech; his only means of communication are through moaning and crying.   Whenever he senses that there was something wrong, he would cry or moan. For example, Benjy knew there was disorder when T.P. and Quentin were fighting.   He said, â€Å"I wasn’t crying, but I couldn’t stop.   I wasn’t crying, but the ground wasn’t still, and then I was crying† (Faulkner 1).   When Benjy was younger, he served as the messenger for the adulterous affair between Uncle Maury and Mrs. Patterson.   When he delivered one time, Mr. Patterson caught them and got the letter before the wife could get it.   Benjy said, â€Å"When I saw her eyes I began to cry† (Faulkner 1).   Benjy also noticed the passing of their grandmother.   According to Quentin, â€Å"Benjy knew it when Damuddy died.   He cried† (Faulkner 2). However, Benjy’s sense was strongest when it came to Caddy’s affairs.   Faulkner only implied in the novel that time when Caddy lost her virginity, and Benjy was aware of that too.   He was aware of the difference in her sister from the moment she arrived.   He observed, â€Å"Caddy came to the door and stood there, looking at Father and Mother.   Her eyes flew at me, and away.   I began to cry† (Faulkner 1).   A younger Caddy once quipped, â€Å"I’ll run away and never come back† (Faulkner 1).   This declaration made Benjy cry.   He may have cried because he sensed that his sister’s words would come true in the future.   He was right; Caddy was disowned after her husband Herbert found out that he was not the father of her baby. Another thing which set Benjy apart from his brothers was his objective narration.   Benjy was very fond of Caddy, but his feelings towards his sister never influenced the way his chapter was told.   He narrated his memories without his opinion for Caddy; he simply told the events as it happened.   His objectivity may be attributed to his mental condition, but his perspective was helpful in presenting the story without judgment or prejudice. According to Quentin Compson, â€Å"Time is your misfortune Father said† (Faulkner 2).   Indeed, time became his misfortune.   Quentin was the eldest son, and it was from his point of view that the second chapter of the novel was written.   His story was dated on the 2nd of June, 1910 (Faulkner 2).   He was an intelligent young man; his father, Jason Compson III, was aware of this that he did not hesitate to sell property to send him to Harvard for his college education (Faulkner 2).   Time was his downfall because he clung to the past. Unlike his brother Benjy who did not have a sense or concept of time, Quentin had it and was greatly preoccupied with it.   His awareness of time was so evident in the second chapter due to the continuous references to watches and clocks.   Though he had a concept of time, he sought to forget it, as advised by the elder Compson.   The watch that Quentin had was previously owned by his grandfather and was passed on to him by his father.   His father told Quentin that he gave the watch â€Å"not that you may remember time, but that you might forget it now and then for a moment and not spend all your breathe trying to conquer it† (Faulkner 2).   If Benjy was a man who confused everything as occurring in the present, Quentin was a man who clung to the past. Quentin’s fixation with the past was most evident in his firm belief in the old notions of honor and morality.   It must be noted that Quentin was a character with an attachment to the traditional Southern values and ideals of the yesteryears.   He clung to the values and rules of conduct that dominated the old world, the same ones his family had disregarded.   For instance, Quentin upheld a specific and conservative view of women in general.   In his narration, it was stated that â€Å"she couldn’t be a lady no lady would be out at that hour of the night† (Faulkner 2). Quentin’s preoccupation with the past and the beliefs that came with it had defined his relationship with his father.   Jason Compson III proved to have a strong influence on his eldest son.   It was apparent in the numerous times the phrase â€Å"Father said† was mentioned throughout the second chapter (Faulkner 2).   The influence was so strong that his father’s opposition to his ideals disappointed him.   The elder Compson did not have the same conservative views as his son.   On the topic of female purity, he said â€Å"men invented virginity,† as if to imply that virginity did not exist and was merely an invention of the male mind.   Mr. Compson III added, â€Å"Women are never virgins.   Purity is a negative state and therefore contrary to nature.   It’s nature is hurting you not Caddy† (Faulkner 2). Quentin’s conservative beliefs regarding women had caused this obsessive fixation over his sister Caddy.   As was mentioned above, he was extremely hurt by Caddy due to her promiscuity.   Caddy’s behavior had such a profound effect on Quentin, as she violated the traditional Southern rules he believed women should follow.   He asked her once, â€Å"Have there been very many Caddy,† and she replied â€Å"I don’t know too many† (Faulkner 2).   Like his mentally challenged younger brother, Quentin also had a firm sense of order and disorder.   The only difference was that Caddy provided the order in Benjy’s life through affection, while she caused disorder in Quentin’s life because of her impure ways.   This was because Quentin equated order with old traditional values he upheld, and disorder was anything in contrast to those. Just like Benjy, Quentin did not receive love and affection from their mother.   Quentin thought, â€Å"If I’d just have a mother so I could say Mother Mother† (Faulkner 2).   This statement verified Caroline’s failure as a mother; her eldest son wished that he had a mother, though he did have one.   Caroline was so ineffective in raising her children that Quentin considered himself without a mother.   In addition, she was very partial to Jason, who was her favorite son.   In Quentin’s account, he had mentioned several references to her mother’s favoritism.   Caroline once told Quentin â€Å"Jason will make a splendid banker he is the only one of my children with any practical sense† (Faulkner 2).   She added, â€Å"Jason was the only one my heart went out to without dread† (Faulkner 2).   Hence, Quentin was similar to Benjy in the sense that their mother did not love them and ignored them because she preferred Jason. Jason Compson IV narrated the third chapter of the novel.   His account was dated a day after Benjy’s narration.   The first line of his chapter said, â€Å"Once a bitch always a bitch, I say† (Faulkner 3).   That statement was a clear and accurate introduction of Jason’s character.   He was a bitter, cruel and selfish man, and his account revealed all his unpleasant qualities.   Though he was the meanest of the Compson brothers, he became their mother’s favorite.   Caroline told Jason, â€Å"You are my only hope†¦Every night I thank God for you† (Faulkner 3).  Ã‚   Though she loved only him, Jason never reciprocated that love.   In fact, he had no love for anybody, except for himself. The Compson family servant Dilsey once said to Jason, â€Å"You’s a cold man, Jason, if man you is† (Faulkner 3).   Jason was indeed cold, bitter and self-absorbed.   He was full of hatred, too.   When he was scolding his niece Miss Quentin for her behavior, he said: â€Å"I don’t care what you do, myself†¦But I’ve got a position in this town† (Faulkner 3).   He was also insensitive to his Benjy’s condition; he considered his own brother a freak.   He said, â€Å"Rent him out to a sideshow; there must be folks somewhere that would pay a dime to see him† (Faulkner 3).   Also, he had a racist streak in him.   He said, â€Å"What this country needs is white labor.   Let these dam trifling niggers starve for a couple of years, then they’d see what a soft thing they have† (Faulkner 3). However, the most distinct element of Jason’s character was his misogyny.   He did not regard women with much importance.   Unlike Quentin who placed women in high regard because of his conservative views of purity, Jason had extreme dislike for females.   He said, â€Å"That’s the only way to manage them.   Always keep them guessing.   If you can’t think of any other way to surprise them, give them a bust in the jaw† (Faulkner 3).   He also said, â€Å"I make it a rule never to keep a scrap of paper bearing a woman’s hand† (Faulkner 3). Among all women, Jason most despised Caddy.   She was the most victimized of his misogyny, just as she was the reason for it.   Just like his two brothers, Jason also had a fixation with Caddy.   Jason was also similar to Quentin in the sense that he was constantly engrossed with the past, hindering any kind of personal development in the present.   His hatred for Caddy arose from the job that was promised to him by her husband.   When Herbert discovered that his wife was carrying another man’s child, he divorced her.   Consequently, the job offer was withdrawn.   This made Jason resent his sister.   He said, â€Å"You can’t beat me out of a job and get away with it† (Faulkner 3).   Jason failed to move on from that incident.   He believed it was his ticket to success, and Caddy deprived him of it.   Because of her, Jason only worked in a store which sold merchandise for farms and farming.   She already apologized, â€Å"I’m sorry about that, Jason† (Faulkner 3).   Nonetheless, he continued to hold a grudge against his sister, which eventually resulted in his cruel treatment of Caddy’s daughter.   Even though Caddy was banished from the Compson household, she still provided for Miss Quentin by sending financial aid to Jason.   He narrated, â€Å"I opened her letter first and took the check out.   Just like a woman. Six days late† (Faulkner 3).   Jason may have hated Caddy, but he lived on her money.   The only reason he was upset that the check was late was because he personally used money meant for Miss Quentin.   His grudge towards Caddy and selfishness forced him to steal from his own family. In â€Å"The Sound and the Fury,† William Faulkner created three siblings which were very different from one another.   Benjy was a mentally challenged man who had no capacity for speech but had an uncanny ability to detect disruptions in his surroundings.   Quentin was an intelligent Harvard student who clung to the traditional and conservative values of the South.   Jason was the detached brother who was full of hatred and bitterness.   Their respective concepts of time also set them apart.   Nonetheless, they were all similar in their preoccupation with Caddy.   Caddy’s actions and decisions affected them all.   They were also all affected by their mother’s failures, even Jason who was considered the favorite.   Hence, the Compson brothers were distinct individuals who were united due to their experience with the Compson women.

Essays and Essay Planning Guidance Essay Example

Essays and Essay Planning Guidance Essay Example Essays and Essay Planning Guidance Essay Essays and Essay Planning Guidance Essay political ideas. 7. Impractical: Who decides? How is it to be done? Is it not impossible to be correct? Any decision has to be arbitrary Case for censorship 10 1. Sex is private and precious: it should not be demeaned by representations of it in public. 2. Sex can be offensive: some people may find it so and should not have to risk being exposed to what they would find pornographic. . Corruption can be progressive: can begin with sex and continue until all decent values are eventually destroyed. 4. Participants might be corrupted: especially true of young children. 5. Violence can encourage imitation: by displaying violence even while condemning it -it can be legitimised and can also encourage imitation amongst a dangerous minority. 6. Violence is often glorified: encourages callous attitudes. Conclusion Case against censorship much stronger. No necessary connection between the two topics. From: mantex. co. uk/samples/plan. htm : 11 Planning Guide to Essay Planning 3 Strategy Many students, after having analysed an essay topic, may go straight to the library and read extensively on the subject. It is only after doing this research that they feel confident enough to start thinking and planning out their answer. Such an approach can be a mistake, however. They may find themselves producing a myriad of notes and then being at a loss to figure how these notes can be transformed into a coherent piece of writing. Before you read too much (or if possible, before you read anything at all), it is a good idea to do as much thinking and planning around the topic as you can. The benefit of this approach is that right from the start you can begin to get a sense of the shape your essay will take. It also means you can be more strategic in your reading, allowing you to search for specific reading materials rather than collecting a mass of material that may ultimately have limited relevance to your work. The task of writing is usually much easier if you create a set of notes which outline the points you are going to make. Using this approach, you will create a basic structure on which your ideas can be built. Plan This is a part of the essay-writing process that is best carried out using plenty of scrap paper. Get used to the idea of shaping and re-shaping your ideas before you start writing, editing and rearranging your arguments as you give them more thought. Planning onscreen using a word-processor is possible, but its a fairly advanced technique, and it doesn’t allow as much freedom to move ideas around and see them in relation to each other. Analyse the question Make sure you understand what the question is asking for. What is it giving you the chance to write about? What is its central issue? Analyse any of its key terms and any instructions. If you are in any doubt, ask your tutor to explain what is required. Generate ideas You need to assemble ideas for the essay. One way is to take a sheet of paper and make a note of anything which might be relevant to your answer. These might be topics, ideas, observations, or instances from your study materials. Put down anything you think of at this stage. Decide on topics On another sheet of paper, extract from your brainstorm listings those topics and points of argument which are of greatest relevance to the question and its central issue. Throw out anything which cannot be directly related to the essay question. Put topics in order On a third sheet of paper, put these chosen topics in some logical sequence. At this stage you should be formulating a basic response to the question, even if it is provisional and 12 may later be changed. Try to arrange the points so that they form a persuasive and coherent argument. Arrange your evidence All the major points in your argument need to be supported by some sort of evidence. On any further sheets of paper, compile a list of brief quotations from other sources (together with page references) which will be offered as your evidence. Compile a reference list as you collect sources. Use a recognised referencing style such as the Harvard â€Å"author/date† method. Make necessary changes While you have been engaged in the first stages of planning, new ideas may have come to mind. Alternate evidence may have occurred to you, or the line of your argument may have shifted somewhat. Be prepared at this stage to rearrange your plan so that it incorporates any of these new materials or ideas. Try out different arrangements of your essay topics until you are sure they form the most convincing and logical sequence. Finalise essay plan The structure of most essay plans can be summarised as Introduction Arguments Conclusion. State your case as briefly and rapidly as possible, present the evidence for this case in the body of your essay, then sum up and try to lift the argument to a higher level in your conclusion. Your final plan should be something like a list of six to ten major points of argument. Each one of these points will be expanded to a paragraph of around 100-200 words minimum in length (never one sentence! ). Relevance At all stages of essay planning, and even when writing the essay, you should keep the question in mind. Keep asking yourself Is this evidence directly relevant to the topic I have been asked to discuss? If in doubt, be prepared to scrap plans and formulate new ones which is much easier than scrapping finished essays. At all times aim for clarity and logic in your argument From: clpd. bbk. ac. uk/students/essayplanning 13 Sample Essay Plan 1 Critically examine the view that voting behaviour in the United Kingdom during the last thirty years has been increasingly influenced by factors other than social class. 1. Introduction You first need to identify the view that is being questioned. This is the theory of dealignment, which claims that the class–party relationship has broken down. This view, and the question itself, assumes that voting behaviour more than thirty years ago was influenced mainly by social class. You may want to question this assumption. You will need, therefore, to take a historical approach to the question, looking at trends over time. You should say that you will look at the traditional view and that you will then consider the case for and against dealignment. 2. The class–party relationship. class– This section will look at the argument that there has been a strong relationship between class and party. The work of Butler and Stokes was a classic statement of this, showing that working-class voters supported the Labour Party and middle-class voters supported the Conservative Party. Butler and Stokes noted that this relationship was not perfect: there were ‘deviant’ voters who voted in the opposite way. You will get more credit if you can give examples: for example, the manual workers with ‘deferential’ attitudes. They also pointed to the tendency for the elderly and for women to be more Conservative than their class background would suggest. 3. Dealignment It has been suggested that a process of dealignment has been occurring since at least the 1970s. There are two aspects to this alleged dealignment- partisan dealignment and class dealignment- and you should define each of these. You will gain extra marks if you can show that this is a deep-seated trend and is not unique to Britain. Behind this argument is the claim that ‘issue voting’ is now more important than class commitment. People are seen as making rational choices about which party is most likely to pursue appropriate policies on issues that concern them. Voters are, therefore, more ‘instrumental’. This also leads, so Heath et al. have argued, to more ‘tactical’ voting and, therefore, to less predictability in elections. 4. The New Right and centre politics Some commentators (for example, Stuart Hall) see the decline of class voting as, in part, a consequence of the rise of ‘authoritarian populism’ during the 1980s. This move to the right undermined Labour support in Britain and saw Labour defeats in 1983, 1987, and 1992. Labour’s response to these changes was to move closer to the centre of the political divide in order to recapture the more instrumental, issueoriented voters. You could conclude your discussion by saying that New Labour won the election in 1997 because it no longer relied on the declining foundations of its traditional, class-based support. You should make the point that political change cannot be explained in terms of political factors alone. There have been a number of important social and economic changes in Britain, and these have affected the old class allegiances. Factors pointed to have been the rise in the employment of women, the declining manufacturing base, the increasing number of service-sector jobs, the decline in the trade-union movement, and the break-up of old communities. You could draw on various evidence of these factors and how they have undermined the significance of class. 14 6. Conclusion An examination of the evidence seems to indicate that there has been a change in voting behaviour and that this can usefully be seen as involving a decline in class alignment and a strengthening of factors other than class. You might also like to conclude, however, that class remains an important factor alongside these other factors and that class dealignment is not the same thing as the emergence of a classless society. 15 Sample Sample essay plan 2 Should the government leave house prices to market forces, or actively intervene to prevent a house price crash? Justify your answer. Evaluation might consider some of these questions: What does a house price crash actually mean? What is the case for leaving house prices to market forces? What is the case for some form of intervention? What are the options for intervention? What are the problems with such intervention? Will house prices crash as the question implies – this can and should be challenged in your answer A housing crash / market correction might be exactly what the arket needs after a ten year boom! The case for leaving house prices to market forces? Ultimately house prices are determined by what homebuyers are willing and able to pay for a property and also the number of properties (new and existing) made available for sale Demand is driven by Incomes Unemployment The cost of a mortgage The availability of mortgage finance (including the loans to income multiple) Expectations of future price movements Supply is driven by Costs of construction Availability of land for housing development and its price Expectations of future price movements The number of properties existing homeowners decide to sell at a given price case The case for leaving it to the market is that Eventually if prices rise too far, demand will fall off and prices will adjust Higher prices will stimulate an increase in new house-building which will help the market reach equilibrium Private sector agents are often better judges of what the market needs than the government There is no certainty that the market will crash – it might experience a slowdown over a number of years The case for government intervention is that The booming market has created an inequitable (unfair) allocation of resources Major problems for housing affordability / impact on mobility of labour A housing crash would create difficulties for the economy and risk causing a collapse in consumer spending / recession Options for intervention: 16 Interest rates n ot an option – these are set independently by the Bank of England! Changes in stamp duty e. g. ower stamp duty for the lower end of the housing market New schemes to promote part ownership – part rent to increase affordability Relaxation of planning controls to stimulate new house building Increase in investment spending in new social housing to give people more choice of housing types What are the problems with such intervention? Risk of government failure Ineffective policies – government policies might actually do very little given the power of market forces Time lags – it takes a long time for government policies to work, by which time the market might already have started to adjust or a major housing correction might have happened. 17

Boudicca the Revolt

But despite the obvious Roman agenda that has been intertwined within the recounts of Tacitus and Dio, they remain to be the only credible primary sources of information and provide the most accurate reports of the revolt’s eruption, core and aftermath. Differences and contradictions exist in both accounts of the revolt, with Tacitus harbouring a more lenient attitude towards the British in his collections, ‘Agricola’ and the ‘Annals’. Tacitus suggests that the underlying cause of the revolt was the mistreatment of the Iceni tribe by the Romans following Prasutagus’ death. Tacitus writes in Agricola, ‘the Britons dwelt much amongst themselves on the miseries of subjection†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ introducing the idea that the native’s rights had been suppressed and that the revolt was partly at the fault of the Roman government. Tacitus, in the Annals, proposes that frustration and resentment grew within the Iceni after the Romans ignored Prasutagus’ will to share the rulership of the tribe between the emperor and his two daughters. Instead, Roman officers and slaves alike attacked his kingdom, publicly flogging his wife, Boudicca, and raping his two daughters. Outrage ensued within the humiliated tribe, subsequently leading to the rise of the revolt. Tacitus’ account of the events that led to the revolt display a soft tone of sympathy towards the natives, whilst also openly criticizing and condemning the treatment the Iceni received; thereby providing the most objective viewpoint of the revolt’s roots. On the other hand, Cassius Dio submits other reasons behind the eruption of Boudicca’s revolt in ‘Dio’s Roman History’. Dio introduces the idea that the Iceni were searching for an ‘excuse’ to strengthen the notion that the Romans were tyrants in order to ignite the rebellion and overthrow the invasion, ‘an excuse for the war was found in the confiscation of sums of money that Claudius had given to the foremost Britons. ’ Dio proceeds to propose another possible cause, focusing on the money that Seneca, hoping to garner profit from interest, lent the natives and later demanded back through harsh strategies. However, Dio concludes that ‘the person who was chiefly instrumental in rousing the natives and persuading them to fight†¦ was Boudicca. Dio’s approach to the revolt presents the British tribes as greedy; killing seventy thousand people for the sake of the money that was taken from them. Cassius Dio projects biasness towards Rome in his work, hence the title of his historical collection ‘Dio’s Roman History’. This is especially clear when Dio, in his collection, chooses to overlook the growing frustration amongst the native tribes that was caused by the aggression of the Romans, as suggested by Tacitus and other minority sources. Manda Scott, British author of the ‘Boudicca’ series, agrees that the financial conflicts between the native tribes and Rome were essential to the breakout of the war; however, she insists that the conflicts were because of Roman greed for money, opposing Dio’s insistence on presenting the blame upon the British natives. Tacitus and Dio’s accounts of the revolt bring forth different perspectives in regards to the causes. Yet, both historians have recorded similar information in regards to the events and the aftermath. In Tacitus’ ‘The Annals’, Boudicca’s army destroyed Camulodunum and burnt down the Temple of Claudius – referred to as ‘Citadel of Tyranny’ by Paul Sealey a major symbolic victory for the Trinovantes, whose land was seized for the construction of the temple. The large army then advanced to Londinium, where Suetonius was awaiting them. However, upon contemplation, Suetonius decided to abandon Londinium to its fate on the basis of his army’s numerical inferiority, a decision that was morally criticized by Tacitus, ‘unmoved by lamentations and appeals, Suetonius gave the signal for departure. Tacitus portrays the rebels as barbaric during their campaign, recounting that they ‘could not wait to cut throats, hang, burn and crucify. ’ Similarly, Dio, in ‘Roman History VIII’ also depicts the Britons as savages by describing in detail their methods of torture, ‘They hung up naked the noblest women an d then cut off their breasts†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ After the rebels ravaged Londinium and Verulamium, in an unknown location, Suetonius gathered his army of 10,000 men. Suetonius positioned his men in a position that gave the British the impression that they were trapped, giving the Romans the advantage of deceiving their opponents before an ambush attack. As Boudicca’s army of, according to Dio, 230,000 men encountered the experienced Roman soldiers, Dio writes that Suetonius ‘could not extend his line the whole length of hers†¦ so inferior they were in numbers. ’ For this reason, the army was divided into three bodies, to which Suetonius delivered three speeches of encouragement and comfort, saying, ‘Up, Romans! Show these accursed wretches how far we surpass them†¦ Fear not. Meanwhile, Boudicca also delivered a speech to her army that further fueled their rage, ‘†¦old people are killed, virgins are raped†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ whilst also giving them confidence to fight, ‘they will never face the din and roar of all our thousands’, before ordering them to charge. As the large army charged toward s the Romans, Tacitus writes that Suetonius signaled his men to throw their javelins at the approaching mass. John Nayler, historical consultant, explainss Suetonius’ strategy as to move as one shielded body, so as to act as a defense, whilst those at the front used their short swords to kill attackers. Meanwhile, Tacitus’ account, ‘then, in wedge formation, they burst forward’, supports this theory. As the battle begun and their forces clashed, Dio’s account suggests that the battle was initially even between both sides as the ‘heavy-armed were opposed to the heavy-armed, cavalry crashed with cavalry†¦the barbarians would assail the Romans with a rush of their chariots. ’ However, as events unfolded, order was lost and chaos unfolded, ‘horsemen would overthrow foot-soldier and foot-soldier strike down horseman. Neither Tacitus nor Dio provide further detail other than that the battle continued ‘for a long time’ but ‘finally, late in the day, the Romans prevailed. ’ As many as eighty thousand Britons fell according to Tacitus, but as for the Roman casualties, both historians deliberately give the illusion that the Romans were not massacred in order to maintain the reputation of their victory. There exist co ntradictions between Tacitus and Dio in regards to Boudicca’s fate, with Tacitus claiming that she poisoned herself whilst Dio writes that he died of illness. Manda Scott supports Tacitus’ account, suggesting that this would be the most plausible explanation considering the grief that Boudicca would have experienced after the mass slaughter of her people as well as the loss of her two daughters. Along with the Britons’ defeat and the loss of their leader, they had also suffered from famine due to neglecting their crops that year. As for the aftermath of the revolt within Rome, Tacitus recounts that Suetonius prolonged the war through punitive operations, gaining criticism from Classicianus. These criticisms, in turn, were received by Rome, who had interests to stop the war immediately so as to save resources and lives. Therefore, Nero sent his freedman, Polyclitus, to assess the situation in Britain, resulting in the replacement of Suetonius by Turpilianus in the hopes of improving relations with the natives. To conclude, Boudicca’s revolt, though ending in a military failure, was a spectacular failure that displayed to the Romans the strength and determination of a race that they had seen as inferior. Due to this revolt, which comprised of inexperienced tribesmen and women, the dynamics of the Roman government in Britain had shifted as Nero realized the core importance of maintaining good relations with the tribes. Both Tacitus and Dio have played major roles in retelling the story of Boudicca and the legacy of her political revolution, providing essential information and details that have helped modern historians to study and observe Boudicca and all the events that surrounded her. s

The Impact Of Economic Globalization And The Rise Of The MNCs On The Essay

The Impact Of Economic Globalization And The Rise Of The MNCs On The Developing World - Essay Example This report stresses that the phenomenon of globalization not only includes rise of global trade, internationalism of economic markets, development of advanced information and communication technologies, increased number of MNCs, increased mobility of people, capital, goods, ideas, and data but also pollution, infections, and diseases. On a precise note, the United Nations has defined economic globalization as the process that facilitates the increasing independence of global economies in consequence of the expanding scale of cross-border trade of services and commodities, rapid and wide spread of advanced technologies, and increased flow of international capital. The rapid advancement of science and technologies and the growing marketization are the two primary triggering forces for economic globalization. This paper makes a conclusion that the increased number of migrants is fuelling economic and social burden on destination countries but it is providing a growing source of foreign exchange for the origin countries. The temporary migration of low-skilled workers has offered positive effects for less developed countries, especially in terms of brain circulation, skills upgrading, and remittances. Remittance plays a crucial role as a source of comparably stable foreign funding. It is reported that remittances to developing states went well above $166 billion in 2005. Many less industrialized countries, like Bangladesh, Lesotho, Cambodia, Nepal, Yemen, and Sudan have become heavily dependent on remittances as a major source of foreign exchange.

Jesus Christ-Life and Influence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Jesus Christ-Life and Influence - Research Paper Example Jesus is unanimously regarded as the one and the only virgin birth that has appeared in the entire history of mankind since the creation of Adam and Eve in the paradise. The Old Testament had already made a prediction about his arrival in the world through the virgin delivery to be made by a pious and chaste noble lady i.e. Holy Virgin Mary (Isaiah, 7:14). Thus, the pious and religious-minded Jews were well aware regarding this exceptional kind of birth in their tribe one day in the wake of the Commandments to be made by the Lord in order to show the pagans, non-believers, and hypocrites the signs of the Omnipotence of the Lord. Since all the tribes having faith in Almighty God were in wait of such a sacred birth, the Magi also travelled wide from the ancient Persia to the city of Nazareth in order to see the blessed child arrived in the world from the high heavens in order to fill the world with the dazzling sacred light of justice, equality, righteousness, and faith. The Gospel of Matthew provides a detailed and comprehensive account of the visit of the three Magi from the distant region of Persia (Matthew, 2:2). Since the Magi had been blessed with the knowledge of astrology, and their association with the Zoroastrians had increased their faith in the Oneness of Almighty God the Creator, the three Magi set out to an exhaustive expedition towards Nazareth in order to see the holy child and present their gifts to the Savior of humanity. Consequently, the child would certainly be unique and extraordinary one, which would spend his entire life in teaching, preaching and helping the people without discrimination, and would embrace death at the prime of his youth just for saving the humanity from becoming a victim of the punishment and agony for committing the original sin. Jesus was born in Bethlehem, and the Magi also met him there (Anderson, 2005: 23-24). However, because of the opposition made by the hypocrites and non-believers, Holy Mary had to proceed to Eg ypt in order to save the sacred child from the hatred of the envious and resentful people of Nazareth. Little is known about the childhood and early youth of the Holy Christ, though the historians and theologians appear to be agreeing with the notion that the signs of the spiritual elevation of this sacred child had started appearing in his personality since the childhood years (Littleton, 1975: 22). Somehow, Jesus returned to his native city along with his sacred mother in his early youth, where he was baptized by Holy John the Baptist (Matthew, 3:13-16), though John is noticed to be declaring Jesus superior to him in all respects. Hence, it becomes evident that his contemporary righteous men of Nazareth had maintained the knowledge of the spiritual and elevated status of Jesus Christ. The Christian faith is attributed to Christ, who preached love and kindness to all mankind.